# encoding: utf-8 """Use the HTMLParser library to parse HTML files that aren't too bad.""" # Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license. __license__ = "MIT" __all__ = [ 'HTMLParserTreeBuilder', ] from html.parser import HTMLParser import sys import warnings from bs4.element import ( CData, Comment, Declaration, Doctype, ProcessingInstruction, ) from bs4.dammit import EntitySubstitution, UnicodeDammit from bs4.builder import ( DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML, ParserRejectedMarkup, HTML, HTMLTreeBuilder, STRICT, ) HTMLPARSER = 'html.parser' class BeautifulSoupHTMLParser(HTMLParser, DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML): """A subclass of the Python standard library's HTMLParser class, which listens for HTMLParser events and translates them into calls to Beautiful Soup's tree construction API. """ # Strategies for handling duplicate attributes IGNORE = 'ignore' REPLACE = 'replace' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): """Constructor. :param on_duplicate_attribute: A strategy for what to do if a tag includes the same attribute more than once. Accepted values are: REPLACE (replace earlier values with later ones, the default), IGNORE (keep the earliest value encountered), or a callable. A callable must take three arguments: the dictionary of attributes already processed, the name of the duplicate attribute, and the most recent value encountered. """ self.on_duplicate_attribute = kwargs.pop( 'on_duplicate_attribute', self.REPLACE ) HTMLParser.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) # Keep a list of empty-element tags that were encountered # without an explicit closing tag. If we encounter a closing tag # of this type, we'll associate it with one of those entries. # # This isn't a stack because we don't care about the # order. It's a list of closing tags we've already handled and # will ignore, assuming they ever show up. self.already_closed_empty_element = [] self._initialize_xml_detector() def error(self, message): # NOTE: This method is required so long as Python 3.9 is # supported. The corresponding code is removed from HTMLParser # in 3.5, but not removed from ParserBase until 3.10. # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/76025 # # The original implementation turned the error into a warning, # but in every case I discovered, this made HTMLParser # immediately crash with an error message that was less # helpful than the warning. The new implementation makes it # more clear that html.parser just can't parse this # markup. The 3.10 implementation does the same, though it # raises AssertionError rather than calling a method. (We # catch this error and wrap it in a ParserRejectedMarkup.) raise ParserRejectedMarkup(message) def handle_startendtag(self, name, attrs): """Handle an incoming empty-element tag. This is only called when the markup looks like . :param name: Name of the tag. :param attrs: Dictionary of the tag's attributes. """ # is_startend() tells handle_starttag not to close the tag # just because its name matches a known empty-element tag. We # know that this is an empty-element tag and we want to call # handle_endtag ourselves. tag = self.handle_starttag(name, attrs, handle_empty_element=False) self.handle_endtag(name) def handle_starttag(self, name, attrs, handle_empty_element=True): """Handle an opening tag, e.g. '' :param name: Name of the tag. :param attrs: Dictionary of the tag's attributes. :param handle_empty_element: True if this tag is known to be an empty-element tag (i.e. there is not expected to be any closing tag). """ # XXX namespace attr_dict = {} for key, value in attrs: # Change None attribute values to the empty string # for consistency with the other tree builders. if value is None: value = '' if key in attr_dict: # A single attribute shows up multiple times in this # tag. How to handle it depends on the # on_duplicate_attribute setting. on_dupe = self.on_duplicate_attribute if on_dupe == self.IGNORE: pass elif on_dupe in (None, self.REPLACE): attr_dict[key] = value else: on_dupe(attr_dict, key, value) else: attr_dict[key] = value attrvalue = '""' #print("START", name) sourceline, sourcepos = self.getpos() tag = self.soup.handle_starttag( name, None, None, attr_dict, sourceline=sourceline, sourcepos=sourcepos ) if tag and tag.is_empty_element and handle_empty_element: # Unlike other parsers, html.parser doesn't send separate end tag # events for empty-element tags. (It's handled in # handle_startendtag, but only if the original markup looked like # .) # # So we need to call handle_endtag() ourselves. Since we # know the start event is identical to the end event, we # don't want handle_endtag() to cross off any previous end # events for tags of this name. self.handle_endtag(name, check_already_closed=False) # But we might encounter an explicit closing tag for this tag # later on. If so, we want to ignore it. self.already_closed_empty_element.append(name) if self._root_tag is None: self._root_tag_encountered(name) def handle_endtag(self, name, check_already_closed=True): """Handle a closing tag, e.g. '' :param name: A tag name. :param check_already_closed: True if this tag is expected to be the closing portion of an empty-element tag, e.g. ''. """ #print("END", name) if check_already_closed and name in self.already_closed_empty_element: # This is a redundant end tag for an empty-element tag. # We've already called handle_endtag() for it, so just # check it off the list. #print("ALREADY CLOSED", name) self.already_closed_empty_element.remove(name) else: self.soup.handle_endtag(name) def handle_data(self, data): """Handle some textual data that shows up between tags.""" self.soup.handle_data(data) def handle_charref(self, name): """Handle a numeric character reference by converting it to the corresponding Unicode character and treating it as textual data. :param name: Character number, possibly in hexadecimal. """ # TODO: This was originally a workaround for a bug in # HTMLParser. (http://bugs.python.org/issue13633) The bug has # been fixed, but removing this code still makes some # Beautiful Soup tests fail. This needs investigation. if name.startswith('x'): real_name = int(name.lstrip('x'), 16) elif name.startswith('X'): real_name = int(name.lstrip('X'), 16) else: real_name = int(name) data = None if real_name < 256: # HTML numeric entities are supposed to reference Unicode # code points, but sometimes they reference code points in # some other encoding (ahem, Windows-1252). E.g. “ # instead of É for LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK. This # code tries to detect this situation and compensate. for encoding in (self.soup.original_encoding, 'windows-1252'): if not encoding: continue try: data = bytearray([real_name]).decode(encoding) except UnicodeDecodeError as e: pass if not data: try: data = chr(real_name) except (ValueError, OverflowError) as e: pass data = data or "\N{REPLACEMENT CHARACTER}" self.handle_data(data) def handle_entityref(self, name): """Handle a named entity reference by converting it to the corresponding Unicode character(s) and treating it as textual data. :param name: Name of the entity reference. """ character = EntitySubstitution.HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER.get(name) if character is not None: data = character else: # If this were XML, it would be ambiguous whether "&foo" # was an character entity reference with a missing # semicolon or the literal string "&foo". Since this is # HTML, we have a complete list of all character entity references, # and this one wasn't found, so assume it's the literal string "&foo". data = "&%s" % name self.handle_data(data) def handle_comment(self, data): """Handle an HTML comment. :param data: The text of the comment. """ self.soup.endData() self.soup.handle_data(data) self.soup.endData(Comment) def handle_decl(self, data): """Handle a DOCTYPE declaration. :param data: The text of the declaration. """ self.soup.endData() data = data[len("DOCTYPE "):] self.soup.handle_data(data) self.soup.endData(Doctype) def unknown_decl(self, data): """Handle a declaration of unknown type -- probably a CDATA block. :param data: The text of the declaration. """ if data.upper().startswith('CDATA['): cls = CData data = data[len('CDATA['):] else: cls = Declaration self.soup.endData() self.soup.handle_data(data) self.soup.endData(cls) def handle_pi(self, data): """Handle a processing instruction. :param data: The text of the instruction. """ self.soup.endData() self.soup.handle_data(data) self._document_might_be_xml(data) self.soup.endData(ProcessingInstruction) class HTMLParserTreeBuilder(HTMLTreeBuilder): """A Beautiful soup `TreeBuilder` that uses the `HTMLParser` parser, found in the Python standard library. """ is_xml = False picklable = True NAME = HTMLPARSER features = [NAME, HTML, STRICT] # The html.parser knows which line number and position in the # original file is the source of an element. TRACKS_LINE_NUMBERS = True def __init__(self, parser_args=None, parser_kwargs=None, **kwargs): """Constructor. :param parser_args: Positional arguments to pass into the BeautifulSoupHTMLParser constructor, once it's invoked. :param parser_kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass into the BeautifulSoupHTMLParser constructor, once it's invoked. :param kwargs: Keyword arguments for the superclass constructor. """ # Some keyword arguments will be pulled out of kwargs and placed # into parser_kwargs. extra_parser_kwargs = dict() for arg in ('on_duplicate_attribute',): if arg in kwargs: value = kwargs.pop(arg) extra_parser_kwargs[arg] = value super(HTMLParserTreeBuilder, self).__init__(**kwargs) parser_args = parser_args or [] parser_kwargs = parser_kwargs or {} parser_kwargs.update(extra_parser_kwargs) parser_kwargs['convert_charrefs'] = False self.parser_args = (parser_args, parser_kwargs) def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding=None, document_declared_encoding=None, exclude_encodings=None): """Run any preliminary steps necessary to make incoming markup acceptable to the parser. :param markup: Some markup -- probably a bytestring. :param user_specified_encoding: The user asked to try this encoding. :param document_declared_encoding: The markup itself claims to be in this encoding. :param exclude_encodings: The user asked _not_ to try any of these encodings. :yield: A series of 4-tuples: (markup, encoding, declared encoding, has undergone character replacement) Each 4-tuple represents a strategy for converting the document to Unicode and parsing it. Each strategy will be tried in turn. """ if isinstance(markup, str): # Parse Unicode as-is. yield (markup, None, None, False) return # Ask UnicodeDammit to sniff the most likely encoding. # This was provided by the end-user; treat it as a known # definite encoding per the algorithm laid out in the HTML5 # spec. (See the EncodingDetector class for details.) known_definite_encodings = [user_specified_encoding] # This was found in the document; treat it as a slightly lower-priority # user encoding. user_encodings = [document_declared_encoding] try_encodings = [user_specified_encoding, document_declared_encoding] dammit = UnicodeDammit( markup, known_definite_encodings=known_definite_encodings, user_encodings=user_encodings, is_html=True, exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings ) yield (dammit.markup, dammit.original_encoding, dammit.declared_html_encoding, dammit.contains_replacement_characters) def feed(self, markup): """Run some incoming markup through some parsing process, populating the `BeautifulSoup` object in self.soup. """ args, kwargs = self.parser_args parser = BeautifulSoupHTMLParser(*args, **kwargs) parser.soup = self.soup try: parser.feed(markup) except AssertionError as e: # html.parser raises AssertionError in rare cases to # indicate a fatal problem with the markup, especially # when there's an error in the doctype declaration. raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e) parser.close() parser.already_closed_empty_element = [] "But I have only one disguise in the house--the old one." "How much is it, madame?" "9. Van Hoeyaerden, member of the Town Council. 121 Previous to his forty-ninth year, Plotinus wrote nothing. At that age he began to compose short essays on subjects which suggested themselves in the course of his oral teaching. During the next ten years, he produced twenty-one such278 papers, some of them only a page or two in length. At the end of that period, he made the acquaintance of his future editor and biographer, Porphyry, a young student of Semitic extraction, whose original name was Malchus. The two soon became fast friends; and whatever speculative differences at first divided them were quickly removed by an amicable controversy between Porphyry and another disciple named Amelius, which resulted in the unreserved adhesion of the former to the doctrine of their common master.415 The literary activity of Plotinus seems to have been powerfully stimulated by association with the more methodical mind of Porphyry. During the five years416 of their personal intercourse he produced nineteen essays, amounting altogether to three times the bulk of the former series. Eight shorter pieces followed during the period of failing health which preceded his death, Porphyry being at that time absent in Sicily, whither he had retired when suffering from the fit of depression already mentioned. He did not answer at once, but sat watching the trumpeter come out of the adjutant's office to sound recall. "Yes, she will marry," he agreed; "if no one else marries her, I will. I am as old as her father would have been but it would save telling some fellow about her birth." "You must get Mrs. Landor into the post to-morrow," Cairness said abruptly; "Victorio's band is about." The next day he left for the Circle K Ranch. Lawton did not appear to need help. But he fired a Greaser, nevertheless, and took Cairness on. He seemed to stand in as abject awe of Stone's note as an Arab might have stood of a bit of the black covering of the Kaabah stone. On the 9th of January, a month after their arrival, Lord Derwentwater was impeached of high treason by Mr. Lechmere in a bitter speech in the Commons. Other members, with equal acrimony, followed with impeachments against the Lords Widdrington, Nithsdale, Wintoun, Carnwath, Kenmure, and Nairn. The impeachments were carried up to the House of Lords on the same day, and on the 19th the accused noblemen were brought before the Peers, where they knelt at the bar until they were desired to rise by the Lord Chancellor, when, with the exception of Lord Wintoun, they confessed their guilt, and threw themselves on the mercy of the king. Sentence of death was immediately pronounced on those who had pleaded guilty; and Lord Wintoun was condemned after trial, but several months later he effected his escape from the Tower. Every effort was made to save the prisoners, and they were all reprieved, with the exception of Derwentwater, Kenmure, and Nithsdale. The first two were executed; but the Countess of Nithsdale, being about to take her leave of her husband, contrived, by introducing some friends, to secure his escape in female attire. Q, 200th Ind. Rush. Yours, Jim." "Reckon I can," said Albert good-naturedly, knowing that some day he might want his brother to do the same for him. 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